Castigar means to inflict a penalty or punishment on someone for a wrongdoing. It is used in contexts related to discipline, justice, or correction.
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El Presente - used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigo | Yo castigo a los niños cuando hacen travesuras. I punish the children when they misbehave. | |
| Tú | castigas | Tú castigas a tu hermano por llegar tarde. You punish your brother for arriving late. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castiga | Ella castiga a su perro por romper la almohada. She punishes her dog for breaking the pillow. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigamos | Nosotros castigamos a los estudiantes por hacer trampa. We punish the students for cheating. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigáis | Vosotros castigáis a los niños sin motivo. You all punish the children without reason. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigan | Ellos castigan a los empleados por llegar tarde. They punish the employees for arriving late. |
El Pretérito Indefinido - used to talk about actions completed in the past, at a specific point in time
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigué | Ayer castigué a mi hijo. Yesterday I punished my son. | |
| Tú | castigaste | Tú castigaste a tu perro. You punished your dog. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigó | Ella castigó a su hermana. She punished her sister. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigamos | Nosotros castigamos a los niños. We punished the children. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigasteis | Vosotros castigasteis a los estudiantes. You all punished the students. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigaron | Ellos castigaron a los jugadores. They punished the players. |
El Pretérito Imperfecto - used to describe regular and repeated actions that happened in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigaba | Yo castigaba a mis hijos cuando eran pequeños. I used to punish my children when they were little. | |
| Tú | castigabas | Tú castigabas a tu hermano a menudo. You used to punish your brother often. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigaba | Ella castigaba a su perro por hacer travesuras. She used to punish her dog for misbehaving. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigábamos | Nosotros castigábamos a los niños en la escuela. We used to punish the children at school. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigabais | Vosotros castigabais a los estudiantes frecuentemente. You all used to punish the students frequently. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigaban | Ellos castigaban a los jugadores por mala conducta. They used to punish the players for bad behavior. |
El Presente Progresivo - used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | estoy castigando | Estoy castigando a mi hijo ahora mismo. I am punishing my son right now. | |
| Tú | estás castigando | Estás castigando a tu hermano otra vez. You are punishing your brother again. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | está castigando | Ella está castigando a su perro ahora. She is punishing her dog now. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | estamos castigando | Estamos castigando a los niños en este momento. We are punishing the children at this moment. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | estáis castigando | Vosotros estáis castigando a los estudiantes. You all are punishing the students. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | están castigando | Ellos están castigando a los jugadores ahora. They are punishing the players now. |
El Futuro Próximo - used to talk about something that will happen in the future, especially in the near future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | voy a castigar | Voy a castigar a mi hijo mañana. I am going to punish my son tomorrow. | |
| Tú | vas a castigar | ¿Vas a castigar a tu hermano? Are you going to punish your brother? | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | va a castigar | Ella va a castigar al perro hoy. She is going to punish the dog today. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | vamos a castigar | Vamos a castigar a los niños después de cenar. We are going to punish the children after dinner. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | vais a castigar | Vosotros vais a castigar a los estudiantes. You all are going to punish the students. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | van a castigar | Ellos van a castigar a los jugadores. They are going to punish the players. |
El Futuro Simple - used to talk about something that will happen in the future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigaré | Yo castigaré a los niños si no obedecen. I will punish the children if they don't obey. | |
| Tú | castigarás | Tú castigarás a tu hermano si hace travesuras. You will punish your brother if he misbehaves. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigará | Ella castigará a su perro mañana. She will punish her dog tomorrow. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigaremos | Nosotros castigaremos a los estudiantes si no estudian. We will punish the students if they don't study. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigaréis | Vosotros castigaréis a los niños si hacen algo malo. You all will punish the children if they do something wrong. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigarán | Ellos castigarán a los jugadores si no siguen las reglas. They will punish the players if they don't follow the rules. |
El Condicional Simple - used to talk about something that may happen in the future, hypothesis and probabilities
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigaría | Yo castigaría a los niños si no obedecen. I would punish the children if they don't obey. | |
| Tú | castigarías | Tú castigarías a tu hermano si hiciera eso. You would punish your brother if he did that. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigaría | Ella castigaría al perro si destruyera la casa. She would punish the dog if it destroyed the house. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigaríamos | Nosotros castigaríamos a los estudiantes si no entregan la tarea. We would punish the students if they don't turn in the homework. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigaríais | Vosotros castigaríais a los niños si no estudian. You all would punish the children if they don't study. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigarían | Ellos castigarían a los jugadores si no respetan las reglas. They would punish the players if they don't respect the rules. |
El Pretérito Perfecto - used to describe actions that started recently and are still happening now
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | he castigado | Yo he castigado a mi hijo hoy. I have punished my son today. | |
| Tú | has castigado | Tú has castigado a tu perro otra vez. You have punished your dog again. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha castigado | Ella ha castigado a su hermana. She has punished her sister. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hemos castigado | Nosotros hemos castigado a los niños. We have punished the children. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habéis castigado | Vosotros habéis castigado a los estudiantes. You all have punished the students. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han castigado | Ellos han castigado a los jugadores. They have punished the players. |
El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto - used to talk about actions that happened before another action in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | había castigado | Yo había castigado al niño antes de que llegara su madre. I had punished the boy before his mother arrived. | |
| Tú | habías castigado | Tú habías castigado a tu hermano ayer. You had punished your brother yesterday. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | había castigado | Ella había castigado a su perro por hacer travesuras. She had punished her dog for misbehaving. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habíamos castigado | Nosotros habíamos castigado a los niños antes de salir. We had punished the children before leaving. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habíais castigado | Vosotros habíais castigado a los estudiantes por el retraso. You all had punished the students for being late. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habían castigado | Ellos habían castigado a los empleados por el error. They had punished the employees for the mistake. |
El Futuro Perfecto - used to talk about something that will have happened in the future after something else
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | habré castigado | Para entonces, ya habré castigado al niño. By then, I will have already punished the boy. | |
| Tú | habrás castigado | Tú habrás castigado a tu hermano. You will have punished your brother. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | habrá castigado | Ella habrá castigado a su hijo. She will have punished her son. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habremos castigado | Nosotros habremos castigado a los estudiantes. We will have punished the students. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habréis castigado | Vosotros habréis castigado a los niños. You all will have punished the children. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habrán castigado | Ellos habrán castigado a los culpables. They will have punished the culprits. |
El Condicional Perfecto - used to talk about something that would have happened in the past but didn't
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | habría castigado | Yo habría castigado al niño si hubiera hecho eso. I would have punished the boy if he had done that. | |
| Tú | habrías castigado | Tú habrías castigado a tu hermano si supieras. You would have punished your brother if you knew. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | habría castigado | Ella habría castigado al perro por romper la planta. She would have punished the dog for breaking the plant. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habríamos castigado | Nosotros habríamos castigado a los niños si hubieran hecho eso. We would have punished the children if they had done that. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habríais castigado | Vosotros habríais castigado a los estudiantes si hubieran llegado tarde. You all would have punished the students if they had arrived late. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habrían castigado | Ellos habrían castigado a los empleados si hubieran cometido errores. They would have punished the employees if they had made mistakes. |
El Presente de Subjuntivo - used to talk about situations of uncertainty, or emotions such as wishes, desires and hopes
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigue | Espero que yo castigue a los niños justo. I hope that I punish the children fairly. | |
| Tú | castiges | Es importante que tú castiges con justicia. It's important that you punish justly. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigue | Es necesario que él castigue a los estudiantes. It's necessary that he punish the students. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castiguemos | Queremos que nosotros castiguemos correctamente. We want us to punish correctly. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castiguéis | Es posible que vosotros castiguéis con moderación. It's possible that you all punish with moderation. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castiguen | Dudo que ellos castiguen sin razón. I doubt that they punish without reason. |
El Imperfecto Subjuntivo - used to speak about unlikely or uncertain events in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigara | Esperaba que él castigara al niño. I hoped that he would punish the boy. | |
| Tú | castigaras | Dudaba que tú castigaras a tu hermano. I doubted that you would punish your brother. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigara | Pensaba que ella castigara a los estudiantes. I thought that she would punish the students. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigáramos | Era posible que nosotros castigáramos a los niños. It was possible that we would punish the children. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigarais | Querían que vosotros castigárais a los culpables. They wanted you all to punish the culprits. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigaran | No creían que ellos castigaran a nadie. They didn't believe that they would punish anyone. |
El Futuro de Subjuntivo - used to speak about hypothetical situations and actions/events that may happen in the future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | castigare | Si lo castigare, entenderá mejor. If I punish him, he will understand better. | |
| Tú | castigares | Quizás castigares a los niños mañana. Maybe you will punish the children tomorrow. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigare | El profesor castigare al alumno si no estudia. The teacher will punish the student if he doesn't study. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castigáremos | Nosotros castigáremos a los responsables pronto. We will punish the responsible ones soon. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigareis | Vosotros castigareis a los que fallen. You all will punish those who fail. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castigaren | Ellos castigaren a quien cause problemas. They will punish whoever causes problems. |
El Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo - used to describe past actions still connected to the present
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | haya castigado | Espero que haya castigado a los niños. I hope he has punished the children. | |
| Tú | hayas castigado | Es posible que hayas castigado a tu hermano. It's possible that you have punished your brother. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya castigado | Es importante que él haya castigado a los estudiantes. It's important that he has punished the students. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hayamos castigado | Esperamos que hayamos castigado bien a los niños. We hope that we have punished the children properly. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hayáis castigado | ¿Crees que hayáis castigado suficiente? Do you think you have punished enough? | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan castigado | Es probable que hayan castigado a los responsables. They probably have punished those responsible. |
El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo - used to speak about hypothetical situations in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera castigado | Si hubiera castigado a mi hijo, habría aprendido la lección. If I had punished my son, he would have learned the lesson. | |
| Tú | hubieras castigado | Si hubieras castigado a tu perro, habría sido más obediente. If you had punished your dog, he would have been more obedient. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera castigado | Ella habría castigado al niño si hubiera sabido. She would have punished the boy if she had known. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hubiéramos castigado | Nosotros habríamos castigado a los estudiantes si hubiéramos sabido. We would have punished the students if we had known. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hubierais castigado | Vosotros habríais castigado a los empleados si hubierais tenido la autoridad. You all would have punished the employees if you had had the authority. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran castigado | Ellos habrían castigado a los jugadores si hubieran llegado tarde. They would have punished the players if they had arrived late. |
El Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo - used to speak about something that will have happened if a hypothetical situation occurs
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere castigado | Para entonces, ya habré castigado al niño. By then, I will have already punished the boy. | |
| Tú | hubieres castigado | Es posible que tú hubieres castigado a los estudiantes. It's possible that you will have punished the students. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere castigado | Quizá él hubiere castigado a su hijo. Perhaps he will have punished his son. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hubiéremos castigado | Para mañana, nosotros habremos castigado a los culpables. By tomorrow, we will have punished the culprits. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hubiereis castigado | Es probable que vosotros hubiereis castigado a los niños. It's likely that you will have punished the children. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren castigado | Es posible que ellos hubieren castigado a los infractores. It's possible that they will have punished the offenders. |
El Imperativo Afirmativo - used to give orders and commands, to tell someone to do something
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | — | No des órdenes en el trabajo. Don't give orders at work. | |
| Tú | castiga | ¡Castiga a los niños cuando hagan travesuras! Punish the children when they misbehave! | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | castigue | ¡Castigue al culpable inmediatamente! Punish the culprit immediately! | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | castiguemos | Castiguemos a los responsables del error. Let's punish those responsible for the mistake. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | castigad | ¡Castigad a los estudiantes que no estudian! Punish the students who don't study! | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | castiguen | Que castiguen a los que robaron. Let them punish those who stole. |
El Imperativo Negativo - used to give orders and commands, telling someone not to do something
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | no castigues | No castigues a los niños sin razón. Don't punish the children without reason. | |
| Tú | no castigues | No castigues a tu hermano así. Don't punish your brother like that. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | no castigue | Por favor, no castigue a los empleados. Please, don't punish the employees. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | no castiguemos | No castiguemos a los estudiantes sin motivo. Let's not punish the students without reason. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | no castiguéis | No castiguéis a los niños todavía. Don't punish the children yet. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | no castiguen | No castiguen a los empleados sin pruebas. Don't punish the employees without evidence. |
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