Surcar means to carve or cut through something, often used in the context of plowing fields or creating marks on a surface. It can also refer to navigating or traversing through a space or area.
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El Presente - used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surco | Yo surco el mar en mi barco. I plow the sea in my boat. | |
| Tú | surcas | Tú surcas las olas con valentía. You plow the waves bravely. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surca | Él surca el cielo en su avión. He sails through the sky in his plane. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcamos | Nosotros surcamos el río en canoa. We paddle across the river in a canoe. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcáis | Vosotros surcáis el campo en bicicleta. You all ride across the field on bikes. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcan | Ellos surcan el cielo con cometas. They sail through the sky with kites. |
El Pretérito Indefinido - used to talk about actions completed in the past, at a specific point in time
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surqué | Yo surqué el río en kayak. I crossed the river by kayak. | |
| Tú | surcaste | Tú surcaste el cielo en avión. You sailed through the sky by plane. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcó | Él surcó el mar en barco. He sailed across the sea by boat. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcamos | Nosotros surcamos la playa en moto de agua. We crossed the beach on a jet ski. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcasteis | Vosotros surcasteis el desierto en camello. You all crossed the desert on a camel. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcaron | Ellos surcaron el cielo en parapente. They soared through the sky in paragliding. |
El Pretérito Imperfecto - used to describe regular and repeated actions that happened in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surcaba | Yo surcaba el mar en mi barco viejo. I was sailing across the sea in my old boat. | |
| Tú | surcabas | Tú surcabas los campos en bicicleta. You used to ride through the fields on your bike. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcaba | Ella surcaba el cielo en su cometa. She was soaring through the sky with her kite. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcábamos | Nosotros surcábamos el río en canoa. We used to paddle down the river in a canoe. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcabais | Vosotros surcabais las olas en el surf. You all used to surf the waves. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcaban | Ellos surcaban el desierto en camellos. They used to cross the desert on camels. |
El Presente Progresivo - used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | estoy surcando | Estoy surcando el río en kayak. I am sailing across the river in a kayak. | |
| Tú | estás surcando | Estás surcando las olas con entusiasmo. You are sailing the waves enthusiastically. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | está surcando | Ella está surcando el cielo en parapente. She is soaring through the sky in a paraglider. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | estamos surcando | Estamos surcando el mar en barco. We are sailing across the sea by boat. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | estáis surcando | Vosotros estáis surcando el campo en bicicleta. You all are riding across the field on bikes. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | están surcando | Los barcos están surcando el océano. The ships are sailing across the ocean. |
El Futuro Próximo - used to talk about something that will happen in the future, especially in the near future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | voy a surcar | Voy a surcar el cielo en parapente. I am going to soar through the sky in paragliding. | |
| Tú | vas a surcar | Tú vas a surcar el mar mañana. You are going to sail the sea tomorrow. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | va a surcar | Ella va a surcar las olas en surf. She is going to surf the waves. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | vamos a surcar | Nosotros vamos a surcar el río en kayak. We are going to paddle the river in a kayak. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | vais a surcar | Vosotros vais a surcar el cielo en globo. You all are going to fly through the sky in a hot air balloon. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | van a surcar | Ellos van a surcar el desierto en camello. They are going to cross the desert on camelback. |
El Futuro Simple - used to talk about something that will happen in the future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surcaré | Yo surcaré el mar mañana. I will sail the sea tomorrow. | |
| Tú | surcarás | Tú surcarás los cielos pronto. You will sail the skies soon. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcará | Él surcará el río en verano. He will sail the river in summer. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcaremos | Nosotros surcaremos el océano juntos. We will sail the ocean together. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcaréis | Vosotros surcaréis nuevas rutas. You all will sail new routes. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcarán | Ellos surcarán los mares en el futuro. They will sail the seas in the future. |
El Condicional Simple - used to talk about something that may happen in the future, hypothesis and probabilities
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surcaría | Yo surcaría el mar si tuviera un barco. I would sail the sea if I had a boat. | |
| Tú | surcarías | Tú surcarías el cielo en un avión privado. You would sail the sky in a private plane. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcaría | Él surcaría el río en kayak si pudiera. He would sail the river in a kayak if he could. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcaríamos | Nosotros surcaríamos las olas en verano. We would sail the waves in summer. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcaríais | Vosotros surcaríais el cielo en globo aerostático. You all would sail the sky in a hot air balloon. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcarían | Ellos surcarían el desierto en camello. They would sail the desert on a camel. |
El Pretérito Perfecto - used to describe actions that started recently and are still happening now
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | he surcado | He surcado muchas aguas en mi vida. I have sailed many waters in my life. | |
| Tú | has surcado | ¿Has surcado alguna vez el océano? Have you ever sailed the ocean? | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha surcado | Ella ha surcado el río en kayak. She has sailed the river in a kayak. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hemos surcado | Hemos surcado muchas costas este verano. We have sailed many coasts this summer. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habéis surcado | ¿Habéis surcado el mar alguna vez? Have you all ever sailed the sea? | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han surcado | Ellos han surcado el Mediterráneo varias veces. They have sailed the Mediterranean several times. |
El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto - used to talk about actions that happened before another action in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | había surcado | Yo había surcado el río antes de que llegara la tormenta. I had sailed across the river before the storm arrived. | |
| Tú | habías surcado | Tú habías surcado el mar varias veces. You had sailed the sea several times. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | había surcado | Ella había surcado el lago en kayak. She had sailed across the lake in a kayak. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habíamos surcado | Nosotros habíamos surcado muchas aguas juntos. We had sailed many waters together. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habíais surcado | Vosotros habíais surcado el río antes de la tormenta. You all had sailed the river before the storm. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habían surcado | Ellos habían surcado el océano en su viaje. They had sailed the ocean on their trip. |
El Futuro Perfecto - used to talk about something that will have happened in the future after something else
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | habré surcado | Para entonces, habré surcado el río. By then, I will have sailed across the river. | |
| Tú | habrás surcado | Tú habrás surcado muchas aguas. You will have sailed many waters. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | habrá surcado | Él habrá surcado el mar varias veces. He will have sailed the sea several times. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habremos surcado | Nosotros habremos surcado el océano. We will have sailed the ocean. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habréis surcado | Vosotros habréis surcado muchas costas. You all will have sailed many coasts. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habrán surcado | Ellos habrán surcado todos los mares. They will have sailed all the seas. |
El Condicional Perfecto - used to talk about something that would have happened in the past but didn't
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | habría surcado | Yo habría surcado el río si hubiera tenido tiempo. I would have sailed across the river if I had had time. | |
| Tú | habrías surcado | Tú habrías surcado el mar si hubieras podido. You would have sailed the sea if you could have. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | habría surcado | Él habría surcado las aguas si hubiera sabido navegar. He would have sailed the waters if he had known how to navigate. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | habríamos surcado | Nosotros habríamos surcado el lago si no hubiera llovido. We would have sailed the lake if it hadn't rained. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | habríais surcado | Vosotros habríais surcado el río si hubierais tenido un barco. You all would have sailed the river if you had had a boat. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | habrían surcado | Ellos habrían surcado el océano si hubieran tenido la oportunidad. They would have sailed the ocean if they had had the chance. |
El Presente de Subjuntivo - used to talk about situations of uncertainty, or emotions such as wishes, desires and hopes
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surque | Es importante que yo surque el río mañana. It is important that I sail across the river tomorrow. | |
| Tú | surques | Espero que tú surques el mar pronto. I hope that you sail across the sea soon. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surque | Es posible que él surque las olas hoy. It is possible that he sails the waves today. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surquemos | Queremos que nosotros surquemos el océano juntos. We want us to sail across the ocean together. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surquéis | Dudo que vosotros surquéis esa corriente. I doubt that you all sail that current. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surquen | Es importante que ellos surquen el río sin miedo. It is important that they sail across the river without fear. |
El Imperfecto Subjuntivo - used to speak about unlikely or uncertain events in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surcara | Si yo surcara el río, sería peligroso. If I sailed across the river, it would be dangerous. | |
| Tú | surcaras | Quizás tú surcaras la montaña mañana. Maybe you would cross the mountain tomorrow. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcara | Esperaba que él surcara el mar en paz. I hoped that he would sail the sea peacefully. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcáramos | Si nosotros surcáramos el cielo, veríamos estrellas. If we sailed through the sky, we would see stars. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcarais | Ojalá vosotros surcarais los mares algún día. I wish you all would sail the seas someday. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcaran | No creía que ellos surcaran el desierto. I didn't think they would cross the desert. |
El Futuro de Subjuntivo - used to speak about hypothetical situations and actions/events that may happen in the future
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surcare | Si el río sube, surcare el bosque. If the river rises, I will cross the forest. | |
| Tú | surcares | Cuando llegues, surca el mar en barco. When you arrive, you will sail across the sea. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surcare | El capitán surcare el océano mañana. The captain will sail the ocean tomorrow. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surcaremos | Nosotros surcaremos el desierto en verano. We will cross the desert in summer. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcareis | Vosotros surcareis el río en la excursión. You all will cross the river on the trip. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surcaren | Ellos surcaren el cielo en sus sueños. They will sail through the sky in their dreams. |
El Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo - used to describe past actions still connected to the present
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | haya surcado | Espero que haya surcado el río. I hope I have sailed the river. | |
| Tú | hayas surcado | Es posible que hayas surcado esa zona. It's possible that you have sailed that area. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya surcado | Es importante que él haya surcado el mar. It's important that he has sailed the sea. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hayamos surcado | Creemos que hayamos surcado el lago. We believe that we have sailed the lake. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hayáis surcado | ¿Habéis surcado el río alguna vez? Have you ever sailed the river? | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan surcado | Es probable que hayan surcado muchas aguas. They have probably sailed many waters. |
El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo - used to speak about hypothetical situations in the past
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera surcado | Si hubiera surcado el mar, habría sido emocionante. If I had sailed the sea, it would have been exciting. | |
| Tú | hubieras surcado | Si hubieras surcado el río, habrías visto mucho. If you had sailed the river, you would have seen a lot. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera surcado | Si ella hubiera surcado el cielo, habría sido hermosa. If she had flown through the sky, it would have been beautiful. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hubiéramos surcado | Si hubiéramos surcado el desierto, habríamos llegado más rápido. If we had crossed the desert, we would have arrived faster. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hubierais surcado | Si hubierais surcado el océano, habríais aprendido mucho. If you all had sailed the ocean, you would have learned a lot. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran surcado | Si ellos hubieran surcado la montaña, habrían llegado antes. If they had crossed the mountain, they would have arrived earlier. |
El Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo - used to speak about something that will have happened if a hypothetical situation occurs
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere surcado | Cuando llegue, ya hubiere surcado el río. When I arrive, I will have already crossed the river. | |
| Tú | hubieres surcado | Para entonces, tú hubieres surcado el mar. By then, you will have crossed the sea. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere surcado | Es posible que él hubiere surcado el valle. He may have crossed the valley. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hubiéremos surcado | Quizá nosotros hubiéremos surcado las montañas. Perhaps we will have crossed the mountains. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hubiereis surcado | Para entonces, vosotros hubiereis surcado el desierto. By then, you all will have crossed the desert. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren surcado | Es probable que ellos hubieren surcado el océano. It is likely that they will have crossed the ocean. |
El Imperativo Afirmativo - used to give orders and commands, to tell someone to do something
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | surque | ¡Surque el río con cuidado! Sail across the river carefully! | |
| Tú | surca | ¡Surca el mar sin miedo! Sail the sea without fear! | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | surque | ¡Surque la tierra con valor! Sail across the land bravely! | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | surquemos | ¡Surquemos juntos el camino! Let's sail the path together! | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | surcad | ¡Surcad el océano sin temor! Sail the ocean without fear! | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | surquen | ¡Surquen el río ahora! Sail across the river now! |
El Imperativo Negativo - used to give orders and commands, telling someone not to do something
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | no surque | No surque esa zona peligrosa. Don't sail through that dangerous area. | |
| Tú | no surques | No surques el río sin guía. Don't sail across the river without a guide. | |
| Él / Ella / Usted | no surque | Por favor, no surque esa línea. Please, don't sail past that line. | |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | no surquemos | No surquemos esa zona sin preparación. Let's not sail through that area unprepared. | |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | no surquéis | No surquéis esa corriente fuerte. Don't sail through that strong current. | |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | no surquen | No surquen esa bahía sin aviso. Don't sail into that bay without warning. |
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